گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به هیدروکربن‌های نفتی در اطراف پالایشگاه اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای علوم محیط زیست، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان، (خوراسگان)

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران

3 استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

ترکیبات نفتی یکی از آلودگی‌های متداول خاک در اطراف پالایشگاه‌های نفت است که اغلب منجر به آلودگی آب‌های زیرزمینی نیز می‌شود. گیاه‌پالایی برای پالایش خاک‌های آلوده نسبت به سایر روش‌های فیزیکی- شیمیایی، مؤثر و مقرون به‌صرفه است. در پژوهش حاضر گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به هیدروکربن‌های نفتی در اطراف پالایشگاه اصفهان بررسی شد. ابتدا درصد جوانه‌زنی چهار گیاه فستوکا، سورگوم، آگروپایرون و جو در خاک آلوده و شاهد بررسی شد. دو گیاه سورگوم و جو که دارای بیشترین درصد جوانه‌زنی در خاک آلوده بود، برای آزمایش نهایی گیاه‌پالایی انتخاب شد. پس از گذشت 120 روز از کاشت گیاهان، وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی، تعداد باکتری‌های کل و نفت‌خوار، تنفس میکربی و غلظت هیدروکربن‌های نفتی خاک تعیین شد. تفاوت معنی‌داری بین تعداد باکتری‌های کل و نفت‌خوار در خاک کشت شده با خاک بدون گیاه وجود داشت. میزان تنفس میکربی در ریزوسفر سورگوم در خاک آلوده بیشتر از ریزوسفر جو بود و میزان کاهش غلظت هیدروکربن‌های نفتی در خاک آلوده کشت شده با سورگوم و جو حدود 52 تا 64 درصد تعیین شد که نسبت به خاک آلوده بدون گیاه 30 درصد بیشتر بود؛ بنابراین سورگوم و جو برای کاهش هیدروکربن‌های نفتی خاک‌های آلوده منطقه مورد مطالعه، پیشنهاد می‌شوند. البته چون دو گـیاه فوق می‌توانند مورد چرای دام قرار گیرند، محیط کشت باید ایزوله شود و از ورود دام جلوگیری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the Phytoremediation of Oil-contaminated Soils Around Isfahan Oil Refinery

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farida Iraji-Asiabadi 1
  • Seyed Ahmad Mirbagheri 2
  • Mohsen Soleymani 3
1 PhD in Environmental Sciences, Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University
2 Prof., Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran
3 Ass. Prof., Dept. of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan
چکیده [English]

Petroleum compounds are pollutants that most commonly occur in soils around oil refineries and that often find their ways into groundwater resources. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective alternative to physicochemical methods for oil-contaminated soil remediation, where feasible. In this study, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soils around Isfahan Oil Refinery. Four different plants (namely, sorghum, barley, agropyron, and festuca) were initially evaluated in terms of their germinability in both contaminated and control (non-contaminated) soils. Sorghum and barley (recording the highest germinability values) were chosen as the species for use in the phytoremediation experiments. Shoot and root dry weights, total and oil-degrading bacteria counts, microbial activity, and total concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were determined at harvest 120 days after planting. A significant difference was observed in the bacterial counts (total and oil-degrading bacteria) between the planted soils and the control. In contaminated soils, a higher microbial activity was observed in the rhizosphere of the sorghum soil than in that of barley. TPHs concentration decreased by 52%‒64% after 120 days in contaminated soil in which sorghum and barley had been cultivated. This represented an improvement of 30% compared to the contaminated soil without plants. Based on the results obtained, sorghum and barley may be recommended for the removal of petro-contaminants in areas close to Isfahan Oil Refinery. Nevertheless, caution must be taken as such cultivated lands may need to be protected against grazing animals.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil contamination
  • Petroleum Contaminants
  • Remediation
  • sorghum
  • Barley
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