جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری‌های مقاوم به سرب و کادمیم و حذف این فلزات از پساب شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

4 استاد گروه زیسـت‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

فلزات سنگین در بیشتر نقاط دنیا در فرم‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی گوناگون و در غلظت‌های متفاوت به‌عنوان آلاینده محیط زیست، از طریق تخلیه پساب‌های متعدد ازجمله پساب‌های شهری و صنعتی، وارد محیط می‌شوند. امروزه استفاده از روش‌های بیولوژیکی در تصفیه و حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب‌ها مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است. به این منظور در مطالعه حاضر باکتری‌هایی با مقاومت نسبی به فلزات سنگین کادمیم و سرب از پساب شهری جدا و خالص سازی شدند. باکتری‌های خالص‌سازی شده با استفاده از آزمون‌های بیوشیمیایی شناسایی و میزان حداقل غلظت بازدارنده آن‌ها تعیین شد. حداقل غلظت بازدارنده باکتری‌ها در غلظت‌های 25، 50، 75،100، 150 ، 300، 500  و 750 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سرب و کادمیم به‌دست آمد. سپس توانایی باکتری‌های برتر با جمعیت CFU/ml 108 به‌منظور حذف سرب و کادمیم از پساب شهری غنی شده با غلظت‌های 50، 100، 150 و 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سرب و کادمیم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. باکتری‌های باسیلوس لاتروسپروس و یرسینیا سودوتوبرکولوسیس به‌عنوان باکتری‌های مقاوم از پساب شهری جداسازی و شناسایی شدند. حداقل غلظت بازدارنده سرب و کادمیم توسط باسیلوس لاتروسپروس و یرسینیا سودوتوبرکولوسیس به ترتیب 300 و 500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و همچنین حداکثر درصد حذف فلز سرب از پساب غنی شده با 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سرب توسط باکتری‌های باسیلوس لاتروسپروس و یرسینیا سودوتوبرکولوسیس به ترتیب 0 6/50 و 7/45 درصد و در مورد کادمیم 18/36 و 41/21 درصد در پساب غنی شده با 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سرب و 150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر کادمیم به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and Identification of Cadmium and Lead Resistant Bacteria and their Bacterial Removal from Wastewater

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sanaz Abbasi 1
  • Mostafa Chorom 2
  • Naeime Enayatizamir 3
  • Hossein Motamedi 4
1 Former Graduate Student, Department of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Assoc. Prof., Department of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 Ass. Prof., Department of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
4 Prof., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

Municipal and industrial effluents continually release into the environment heavy metals of a variety of physical and chemical forms and at various concentrations. Biological treatment processes have attracted a growing attention for the removal of heavy metals from these effluents. For the purposes of the present study, bacteria that are relatively resistant to heavy metals, such as cadmium and lead, were isolated from municipal waste and purified. They were then subjected to biochemical tests for identification and their minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. Bacterial minimum inhibitory concentrations were initially measured in flasks containing 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 300, 500, and 700 ppm of lead and cadmium before superior bacteria at populations of 108 CFU/ml were evaluated in terms of their ability to remove lead and cadmium at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 300 ppm from enriched municipal wastewater. Base on the results, Bacillus laterosporous and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were identified as the resistant bacteria and the minimum lead and cadmium inhibitory concentrations for these bacteria were determined to be 300 and 500 ppm, respectively. Moreover, Bacillus laterosporous and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis recorded maximum removal efficiencies of around 50.6% and 45.7%, respectively, with wastewater containing 100 mg/l of lead and 36.18% and 21.41% in the case of cadmium from wastewater enriched with 100 mg/l of lead and 150 mg/l of cadmium.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacillus Laterosporous
  • Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis
  • Heavy metal
  • Minimum inhibitory concentration
  • Municipal wastewater
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