حذف نیترات از آبهای آلوده با استفاده از نانوذرات نی اصلاح شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

2 استاد گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز

3 دانشیار گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز

4 دانشیار، دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات فناوری‌های زیست محیطی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور، اهواز

5 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

6 استادیار گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

چکیده

 در این تحقیق نانو ذرات نی توسط محلولهای اپی کلروهیدرین، تری‌اتیل آمین، متانول و پیریدین اصلاح گردید. سپس نانو جاذب اصلاح شده به‌منظور حذف نیترات از آبهای آلوده با استفاده از آزمایش‌های جذب ناپیوسته و پیوسته مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در آزمایش‌های ناپیوسته اثر عواملی مانند pH ، جرم جاذب و غلظت نیترات اولیه بر جذب نیترات بررسی گردید. نتایج آزمایش‌ها نشان داد که با افزایش pH محلول از2 تا 10، راندمان حذف از 60 تا 86 درصد افزایش یافت و درpH برابر 6 به حداکثر مقدار خود رسید. زمان تعادل برابر2 ساعت به‌دست آمد. با افزایش غلظت نیترات اولیه از 5 تا 120 میلی‌گرم در لیتر، راندمان جذب از 90 به 67 درصد کاهش یافت. با افزایش جرم جاذب از 0/1 تا 0/3 گرم، راندمان حذف از 54 تا 68 درصد افزایش یافت، اما با افزایش از 0/3 گرم تا 1 گرم، راندمان جذب ثابت ماند. فرایند جذب از مدل سینتیک مرتبه دوم (R2 برابر 1) تبعیت کرده و داده‌های جذب با ایزوترم لانگمیر (R2 برابر 0/99) مطابقت بیشتری داشت. آزمایش‌های پیوسته با استفاده از ستون با بستر ثابت (قطر داخلی 2/8 سانتی‌متر و 35 سانتی‌متر ارتفاع ستون) انجام گرفت. با استفاده از آب شبیه‌سازی شده با غلظتهای 15، 50 و 120 میلی‌گرم در لیتر برای دو دبی 0/98 و 2/27 لیتر در ساعت، ظرفیت ستون جذب (qed) به‌ترتیب برابر 13/36، 28/48 و 36/52 میلی‌گرم بر گرم و 25/21، 60/93 و 74/32 میلی‌گرم بر گرم به‌دست آمد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که نانو جاذب نی اصلاح شده قابلیت بالایی در حذف یون‌های نیترات از آبهای آلوده دارد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Nitrate Removal from Contaminated Waters by Using Anion Exchanger Phragmites Australis Nanoparticles

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoomeh Farasati 1
  • Saeed Boroomand Nasab 2
  • Hadi Moazed 3
  • Nematollah Jafarzadeh Haghighifard 4
  • Jahangir Abedi Koupai 5
  • Morteza Seyedian 6
1 Assist. Prof. of Water Eng., College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah (Corresponding Author) (+98 831) 8323727 Farasati2760@gmail.com
2 Prof. of Irrigation and Drainage, Dept. of Water Sciences Eng., Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz
3 Assoc. Prof. of Irrigation and Drainage, Dept. of Water Sciences Eng., Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz
4 Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Public Health, Environmental Technology Research Center, Jondi Shahpur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz
5 Prof. of Water Eng., College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology
6 Assist. Prof. of Watershed Management, College of Agriculture, Gonbad Kavoos University
چکیده [English]

The efficiency of modified Phragmites australis nanoparticles for nitrate removal from aqueous solution in batch and continuous conditions was studied. The effect of different operating conditions such as pH, the amount of adsorbent, and initial nitrate concentration were surveyed. Our results showed that, pH 6 could provide better condition for nitrate removal. The increase in the nitrate concentration from 5 to 120mg L-1 reduced the efficiency from 90% to 67%. Kinetics and isotherm data revealed that the nitrate adsorption successfully can be described by pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 =1) and Longmuir isotherm (R2 =0.99), respectively. At the continuous-flow mode, column were operated at 0.98 L hr-1 and 2.27 L hr-1 with initial nitrate concentration of 15, 50 and 120 mg L-1. At the above mentioned conditions, the adsorption capacities were 13.4, 28.5 and 36.5 mg g -1 at 0.98 L hr-1 and 25.2, 60.9 and 74.3 mg g-1 at 2.27 L hr-1,  respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrate removal
  • Phragmites Australis Nano Particles
  • Contaminated Waters
1- Bhattacharrya, K.G., and Gupta, S.S. (2006). “Pb (II) uptake by kaolinite and montmorillonite in aqueous medium: Influence of acid activation of the clays.” J. of Colloids Surf., 277, 191-200.
2- Mishra, P.C., and Patel, R.K. (2009). “Use of agricultural waste for the removal of nitrate- nitrogen from aqueous medium.” J. of Environmental Management, 90, 519-522.
3- Ozturk, N., and Ennil Kose, T. (2008). “A kinetic study of nitrite adsorption onto sepiolite and powdered activated carbon.” J. of Desalination, 223, 174-179.
4- Xing, X., Gao, B., Yue, Q., and Zhong, Q.Q. (2010). “Preparation of agricultural by-product based anion exchanger and its utilization for nitrate and phosphate removal.” J. of Bioresource Technology, 101, 8558-8564.
5- Chatterjee, S., and HanWoo, S. (2009). “The removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by chitosan hydrogel beads.” J. of Hazardous Materials, 164, 1012-1018.
6- Tarley, C.R.T., Ferreira, S.L.C., and Arruda, M.A.Z. (2004). “Use of modified rice husks as a natural soild adsorbent of traca mrtals: Characterisation and development of an on-line preconcentration system for cadmium and lead determination by FASS.” J. of Microchemical, 77, 163-175.
7- Standard Association of Iran. (1997). Characteristics of drinking water, 1053 Number Standard Method. Firth and fifth Ed., Tehran. (In Persian)
8- Dhab, F. (1987). “Treatment alternatives for nitrate contaminated groundwater supplies Environ.” J. of Syst., 17, 65-75.
9- Feleke, Z., and Sakakibara, Y. (2002). “A bio-electrochemical reactor coupled with adsorber for the removal of nitrate and inhibitory pesticide.” J. of Water Res., 36, 3092-3102.
10- Weber, Jr. W.J., and Morris, J.C. (1963). “Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution.” J. of Sanitary Eng. Div. Proceed. Am. Soc. Civil. Eng., 89, 31-59.
11- Ajmal, M., Khan, A.H., and Ahmad, A. (1998). “Role of sawdust in the removal of copper (II) from industrial wastes.” J. of Water Res., 32(10), 3085-3091.
12- Gong, R.M., Ding, Y., and Li, M. (2005). “Utilization of powdered peanut hull as biosorbent for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution.” J. of Dyes Pigment, 64, 187-192.
13- Orlando, U.S., Baes, A.U., and Nishijima, W. (2002a). “A new procedure to produce lignocellulosic anion exchangers from agricultural waste materials.” J. of Bioresour. Technol., 83, 195-198.
14- Rivera-Utrilla, J., Bautista-Toledo, I., Ferro-García, M.A., and Moreno-Castilla, C. (2001). “Activated carbon surface modifications by adsorption of bacteria and their effect on aqueous lead adsorption.” J. of Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 76, 1209-1215.
15- Kannan, N., and Veemaraj, T. (2010). “Detoxification of toxic metal ions by sorption on to activated carbon from brasiliensis bark-a comparative study.” J. of Global Nest., 12(2), 197-205.
16- Kumar, U., and Bandypadhyay, M. (2006). “Sorption of cadmium from aqueous solution using pretreated rice husk.” J. of Biores. Technol., 97, 104-109.
17- Mizuta, K., Matsumoto, T., Hatate, Y., Nishihara, K., and Nakanishi, T. (2004). “Removal of nitrate-nitrogen from drinking water using bamboo powder charcoal.” J. of Bioresource Technology, 95, 255-257.
18- Poonawala, N.A., Lighetsey, G., and Henderson, R.W. (1975). “Removal of heavy metals from wastewater and sludge by adsorption on to solid wastes.” J. of Water Resource, 2, 247-259.
19- Wang, X.S., and Yong, Q. (2005). “Equilibrium sorption isotherms for of Cu2+ on rice bran.” J. of Process Biochemistry, 40, 677-680.
20- Han, R.P., Wang, Y., Zou, W.H., Wang, Y.F., and Shi, J. (2007). “Comparison of linear and nonlinear analysis in estimating the Thomas model parameters for methylene blue adsorption onto natural zeolite in fixed-bed column.” J. of Hazard Mater., 145, 331-335.
21- Hasani Mateen, M.M. (2007). “Production of carbon nanotube and evaluation of effect electrical on their synthesis.” M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahwaz. (In Persian)
22- Ayati, B., Delnavaz, M., and Fartoos, S. (2006). Evaluation of nanoparticle technology in environmental engineering, University of Amirkabeer, Tehran. (In Persian)
23- Bestani, B., Benderdouche, N., Benstaali, B., Belhakem, M., and Addou, A. (2008). “Methylene blue and iodine adsorption onto an activated desert plan.” J. of Bioresource Technology, 99, 8441-8444.
24- Langmuir, I. (1918). “The constitution and fundamental properties of solid and liquids – Part 1. Solids. ” J. of Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361-1403.
25- Freundlich, H.M.F. (1906). “Over the adsorption in solution.” J. of Phys. Chem., 7, 385-470.
26- Lagergren, S. (1898). “About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substances.” J. of Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 24(4), 1-39.
27- Ho, Y.S., Wase, D.A.J., and Forster, C.F. (1996). “Kinetic studies of competitive heavy metal adsorption by sphagnum moss peat.” J. of Environ. Technol., 17, 71-77.
28- Acharya, J., Sahu, J.N., Mohanty, C.R., and Meikap, B.C. (2009). “Removal of lead (II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from tamarind wood by zinc chloride activation.” J. of Chem. Eng., 149(1-3), 249-262.
29- Mohan, S., and Gandhimathi, R. (2009). “Removal of heavy metal ions from municipal solid waste leachate using coal fly ash as an adsorbent.” J. of Hazardous Materials, 169, 351-359.
30- Wasik, E., Bohdziewicz, J., and Blaszczyk, M. (2001). “Removal of nitrates from groundwater by a hybrid process of biological denitrification and microfiltration membrane.” J. of Process Biochem., 37, 57-64.
31- Orlando, U.S., Baes, A.U., and Nishijima, W. (2002b). “Preparation of agricultural residue anion exchangers and its nitrate maximum adsorption capacity.” J. of Chemosphere, 48, 1041-1046.
32- Tehrani-Bagha, A.R., Nikkar, H., Mahmoodi, N.M., Markazi, M., and Menger, F.M. (2011). “The sorption of cationic dyes onto kaolin: Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies.” J. of Desalination, 266, 274-280.
33- Fernandez-Olmo, J.L. (2007). “Purification of dilute hydrofluoric acid by commercial ion exchange resins.” J. of Sep. Purif. Technol., 56, 118-125.
34- Goel, J., Kadirvelu, K., Rajagopal, C., and Garg, V.K. (2005). “Removal of lead (II) by adsorption using treated granular activated carbon: Batch and column studies.” J. of Hazard Mater., 125, 211-220.
35- Wilhelm, S.R., Schiff, S.L., and Cherry, J.A. (1994). “Biogeochemical evolution of domestic wastewater in septic systems: I. Conceptual model.” J. of Groundwater, 32, 905-916.